(Important Facts), How Much Should You Walk A Greyhound? By the time his body had filled out, the style was pretty much set. Hawks explained: "Because of the lung Wayne lost, he reads his lines differently. Some think so. It's perfect when it arrives and it puts itself in our hands. It was said that Wayne was irked when Ford chose Henry Fonda to play Earp in the 1946 film, My Darling Clementine. [54], Howard Hawks's Rio Bravo premiered on March 18, 1959. After adjusting for inflation, thats the same as $25 million in todays dollars. Later that year, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Wayne into the California Hall of Fame, located at the California Museum in Sacramento. Katharine Hepburn described him as having great legs and tight buttocks, a real great seat, and small sensitive feet.She went on to say that he carries his huge frame lightly, like a feather with his walk being very fine, light.. It just so happens, that Eastwood incurred the displeasure of such a legendary cowboynone other than John Wayne. Waynes last words were on the screen. On June 24, 1970, Andrew V. McLaglen's Chisum started to play in cinemas. [127] Ethan has also appeared on the History Channel show Pawn Stars to help authenticate merchandise supposedly related to his father's career. The jewelry was meant to signify inclusion with their peoples. Eddie Deezen has appeared in over 30 motion pictures, including Grease, WarGames, 1941, and The Polar Express. [83] On June 27, Andrew V. McLaglen's Cahill U.S. He was also the president of the Latin Society and contributed to the school's newspaper sports column. The "John Wayne walk" didn't happen overnight; he developed it over the years. Tom Foster 5 years ago To so many people he was 'The Duke' and he was a media and movie icon. He underwent successful surgery to remove his entire left lung[91] and two ribs. [39] Wayne did not attempt to prevent his reclassification as 1-A (draft eligible), but Republic Studios was emphatically resistant to losing him, since he was their only A-list actor under contract. But he himself never elaborated. If you said anything about the Duke then those counted as fighting words and the person defending his. According to Quigley Polling, which has taken place every year since 1932 to find the top box-office stars, John Wayne was named the top money maker (as of 2005). [120] He also responded to questions about whether social programs were good for the country: I know all about that. [27] Wayne soon moved to bit parts, establishing a longtime friendship with the director who provided most of those roles, John Ford. My father was an actor and my mother was a dancer. The walk worked. Because of Wayne's B-movie status and track record in low-budget Westerns throughout the 1930s, Ford had difficulty getting financing for what was to be an A-budget film. [35] Wayne also appeared in some of the Three Mesquiteers Westerns, whose title was a play on the Dumas classic. [13] The local paper, Winterset Madisonian, reported on page 4 of the edition of May 30, 1907, that Wayne weighed 13lb (around 6kg) at birth. Katharine Hepburn described him as having "great legs and tight buttocks, a real great seat, and small sensitive feet." She went on to say that "he carries his huge frame lightly, like a feather" with his walk being "very fine, light." Whether or not the size of John Wayne's feet played a significant role in his signature gait remains to be seen. It is perhaps best shown in these words he had engraved on a plaque: 'Each of us is a mixture of some good and some not so good qualities. (Important Facts), Why Does My Cat Bite My Legs When I Walk? Did John Wayne and Clint Eastwood get along? [22], Wayne applied to the U.S. In fact, Wayne liked one of Canutt's stunts so much that he used it in multiple films. Why Did John Wayne Walk Funny? 380) in Brooklyn, New York, which boasts a 38-foot (12m) mosaic mural commission by New York artist Knox Martin[152] entitled "John Wayne and the American Frontier";[153] and over a 100 miles (160km) named the "John Wayne Pioneer Trail" in Washington's Iron Horse State Park. He was, of course, the one and only John Wayne, the "Duke" himself. Its best-known non-Wayne productions were Seven Men From Now (1956), which started the classic collaboration between director Budd Boetticher and star Randolph Scott, and Gun the Man Down (1956) with contract player James Arness as an outlaw. Some think so. Hes also been featured in several TV shows, including Magnum PI, The Facts of Life, and The Gong Show. Wayne was born Marion Robert Morrison on May 26, 1907, at 224 South Second Street in Winterset, Iowa. [21]:88[47], By many accounts, his failure to serve in the military later became the most painful part of his life. There is no denying that John Wayne was a tall man. [128], In 1973, Wayne was encouraged by Pilar, an avid tennis player, to build the John Wayne Tennis Club in Newport Beach, California. He kept it docked in Newport Beach Harbor, and it was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2011.[144]. He became a member of the York Rite. Director John Ford hired John Wayne as a prop boy and extra, so he had the opportunity to meet Wyatt Earp. "[146], Howard Hawks, who directed him in five films, felt that after losing one of his lungs, Wayne became a much better actor. In 1998, he was awarded the Naval Heritage Award by the US Navy Memorial Foundation for his support of the Navy and military during his film career. Wayne repeatedly wrote to John Ford saying he wanted to enlist, on one occasion inquiring whether he could get into Ford's military unit. This wasnt typical for a man of his stature. Wayne's first color film was Shepherd of the Hills (1941), in which he co-starred with his longtime friend Harry Carey. Well, Wayne once said that "the women love it" in reference to his famous gait. [75] Katharine Ross played a supporting role. He was born in 1848, in Monmouth, Illinois. Photo by Flickr user Mario Snchez Prada.). )[50] Batjac (and its predecessor, Wayne-Fellows Productions) was the arm through which Wayne produced many films for himself and other stars. 1 1.Where Did John Wayne Get His Walk? Burt Reynolds claims Wayne used a Native-American walk: toe to heel, toe to heel. It contains numerous plot similarities to The Gunfighter of nearly 30 years before, a role which Wayne had wanted, but turned down. "John Wayne Dead of Cancer on Coast at 72", "Everyone called him 'Duke': John Wayne's conversion to Catholicism", "Hollywood Is Pitching Into Political Race", "Why Stalin loved Tarzan and wanted John Wayne shot", "John Wayne's racist comments, lack of World War II service resurface in heated Twitter debate", "Kevin Phillips, Ex-Populist: Elite Model", "Reagan Angered John Wayne New York Times", "Column: Did John Wayne try to assault Sacheen Littlefeather at the 1973 Oscars? He responded with his very last words ever, "Of course I know who you are. Both actresses recall looking at Waynes broad, hulking body and being surprised how little his feet were. His favorite books were David Copperfield, and Conan Doyle's historical novels The White Company and Sir Nigel. [172], Wayne is the only actor to appear in every edition of the annual Harris Poll of Most Popular Film Actors, and the only actor to appear on the list after his death. The actor who played Batman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, Henry Cavill, is 510 tall. (The Answer May Surprise You). He made an impact on the young actor who later credited his walk, talk, and persona to his acquaintance with Wyatt Earp and on one occasion he reportedly said, " Earp was the man who had actually done the things in his life that I was . The company sought a declaration permitting registration of their trademark. [16] His great-great-grandfather Robert Morrison (b. Wayne also portrayed aviators in Flying Tigers (1942), Flying Leathernecks (1951), Island in the Sky (1953), The Wings of Eagles (1957), and Jet Pilot (1957). On May 23, 1962, Wayne starred in John Ford's The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance with James Stewart. Wayne's boot prints at Graumann's seem to reveal a men's size 5 or 6 foot. In the series, an international spy/detective show, Wayne played Dan O'Brien, a detective who used alcoholism as a mask for his investigatory endeavors. [122] John Wayne's son, Ethan, defended him, stating, "It would be an injustice to judge someone based on an interview that's being used out of context. Some simply say he wore his pants too tight. Roger Ebert's 10 Best Lists: 1967 to present. On his 72nd birthday on May 26, 1979, Wayne was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal. Its a beautiful place, Wayne said. He's also been featured in several TV shows, including Magnum PI, The Facts of Life, and The Gong Show. In 1999, the American Film Institute selected Wayne as one of the greatest male stars of classic American cinema. He made a number of appearances in dramatic roles, mainly recreations for radio of his own film roles, on such programs as Screen Directors Playhouse and Lux Radio Theatre. But how much do you really know about the creatures frolicking through, The figurative meanings of some phraseslike close, but no cigar and cut to the chaseseem different enough from the words themselves that you might assume they were, Its always the Quick 10, isnt it? [69], In 1966, Wayne appeared in a cameo role for Melville Shavelson's Cast a Giant Shadow starring Kirk Douglas. Burt Reynolds claims Wayne used a Native-American walk: toe to heel, toe to heel. However, whether he is ill disposed or healthy, John Wayne is far beyond the normal political sharpshooting in this community. I didnt know what to expect, but I knew that it would be fun. Im going to do what I do. Eastwood starred in and directed a film called High Plains Drifter. So perhaps the explanation for the Duke's broad walk, one of the most famous walks in movie history, is the combination of a strapping, masculine body and tiny little feet. He appeared mostly in small parts, but his first leading role came in Raoul Walsh's Western The Big Trail (1930), an early widescreen film epic that was a box-office failure. [67] On April 6, he shared the screen with Kirk Douglas and Patricia Neal in Otto Preminger's In Harm's Way. John Waynes legendary career has been well-documented in many books and personal interviews, but one question still remains: One person described the classic John Wayne walk by saying, He looked like he needed to change his diapers. Slightly tipsy, slightly off-balance looking, rough, tough, and rugged. Wayne's father, Clyde Leonard Morrison (18841937), was the son of American Civil War veteran Marion Mitchell Morrison (18451915). Director: Robert N. Bradbury | Stars: John Wayne, Marion Burns, Dennis Moore, Reed Howes. Herbert J. Yates, president of Republic, threatened Wayne with a lawsuit if he walked away from his contract,[40] and Republic Pictures intervened in the Selective Service process, requesting Wayne's further deferment. He was hired because he looked and talked like a hero, but he didnt know how to move like one. Despite efforts by his business associates to prevent him from going public with his illness for fear that it would cost him work, Wayne announced he had cancer and called on the public to get preventive examinations. Cohn had bought the project for Wayne, but Wayne's grudge was too deep, and Cohn sold the script to Twentieth Century Fox, which cast Peck in the role Wayne badly wanted, but for which he refused to bend.[50][51]. Wayne was nominated for an Oscar as the producer in the Best Picture category. [65], In 1964, Wayne played the leading role in Henry Hathaway's Circus World with Claudia Cardinale and Rita Hayworth. When the company tried to trademark the image appearing on one of the bottles, Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, filed a notice of opposition. And he's done thousands of voice-overs for radio and cartoons, such as Dexter's Laboratory and Family Guy. [170] He appeared in the similar Box Office poll in 1939 and 1940. Jan Oelofse, who was involved in the animal capture and training portion of this classic John Wayne movie, has just published his memoirs. He was the son of a carpenter and a homemaker. "[165][166], Wayne's rise to being the quintessential movie war hero began to take shape four years after World War II, when Sands of Iwo Jima (1949) was released. [90] The film was nominated for an Oscar, a Golden Globe, a BAFTA film award, and a Writers Guild of America award. And hes done thousands of voice-overs for radio and cartoons, such as Dexters Laboratory and Family Guy. He played football for the 1924 league champion Glendale High School team. The film was hated by John Wayne, who is an icon in the western genre. He was, of course, the one and only John Wayne, the Duke himself. Published August 11, 1997 7:00PM (EDT) in a live recording of a 1968 performance, the radical folk singer Phil Ochs introduces a song by saying: "I was always a John Wayne fan when I was younger . [142][143] During the early 1960s, Wayne traveled often to Panama, and he purchased the island of Taborcillo off that nation's Pacific coast. His footprints at Grauman's Chinese theater in Hollywood were laid in concrete that contained sand from Iwo Jima. [178], In 1973, The Harvard Lampoon, a satirical paper run by Harvard University students, invited Wayne to receive The Brass Balls Award, created in his "honor", after calling him "the biggest fraud in history". "[113] However, an investigation in 2022 found that this is unlikely to have happened, and Littlefeather had no way of witnessing this take place. Wayne played Col. Cord McNally, who confronts Confederate soldiers who stole a shipment of gold at the end of the Civil War. [129], His divorce from Esperanza Baur, a Mexican former actress, was stormy. I clearly remember marveling at how small John Wayne's boot prints were! A celebration at the John Wayne birthplace in Winterset, Iowa, included chuck-wagon suppers, concerts by Michael Martin Murphey and Riders in the Sky, a Wild West Revue in the style of Buffalo Bill's Wild West show, and a Cowboy Symposium with Wayne's costars, producers, and costumers. (The Answer May Surprise You), Why Do Dogs Sleep So Much? He was the quintessential cowboy, the all-American American, the symbol for "macho" all over the world. He made his last public appearance at the Academy Awards ceremony on April 9, 1979,[8][9] and died of stomach cancer two months later. [27][28] Wayne later credited his walk, talk, and persona to his acquaintance with Wyatt Earp, who was good friends with Tom Mix. Did John Wayne and Clint Eastwood get along? One of Wayne's most popular roles was in The High and the Mighty (1954), directed by William Wellman, and based on a novel by Ernest K. Gann. Wayne claimed, "Before I came along, it was standard practice that the hero must always fight clean. Because of his courage, his dignity, his integrity, and because of his talents as an actor, his strength as a leader, his warmth as a human being throughout his illustrious career, he is entitled to a unique spot in our hearts and minds. [155], Several celebrations took place on May 26, 2007, the centennial of Wayne's birth. [62] Although the other top-level actors in the film accepted a token payment of only $10,000 each to play their roles, making the all-star cast feasible for the budget, Wayne was paid a quarter of a million dollars due to an earlier dispute with producer Darryl F. Zanuck. Wyatt Earp at age 21. Why did John Wayne and Christopher Mitchum fall out? He had three more children with Pilar: Aissa Wayne (born March 31, 1956), John Ethan Wayne (born February 22, 1962), and Marisa Wayne (born February 22, 1966). (Important Facts), Why Cant You Walk Through A Drive Through? John Wayne, an American Icon On the 100th anniversary of the birth of the man who is arguably the most famous Trojan of all, film historian Rick Jewell reflects on John Wayne, seeing him as the star in his own improbable rags-to-riches drama. In 1932 he Each morning, he recalled, he would walk down the hill to the railway station and conjure up his first spy novels on the train in to London on his way to work at MI5. "[174], The John Wayne Cancer Foundation was founded in 1985 in honor of John Wayne, after his family granted the use of his name (and limited funding) for the continued fight against cancer. Marshal Reuben J. Walsh then suggested "John Wayne". Wayne accepted the invitation as a chance to promote the recently released film McQ, and a Fort Devens Army convoy offered to drive him into Harvard Square on an armored personnel carrier. [131], Wayne's hair began to thin in the 1940s, and he had begun to wear a hairpiece by the end of the decade. Some state that John Ford, Wayne's favorite director and close friend, taught him the "John Wayne walk." John Wayne loved the statue and based his walk, and his famous hand-on-hip stance, on the legendary statue. And perhaps most importantly for John Wayne, the women love it.. Eddie Deezen has appeared in over 30 motion pictures, including Grease, WarGames, 1941, and The Polar Express. Wayne was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on June 9, 1980, by President Jimmy Carter. [96] His grave, which was unmarked for 20 years, has been marked since 1999 with the quotation: Tomorrow is the most important thing in life. [137] He had been a chain smoker of cigarettes since young adulthood and was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1964. [50], Wayne had several high-profile affairs, including one with Merle Oberon that lasted from 1938 to 1947. There's so goddamn few of us left. Son Ethan was billed as John Ethan Wayne in a few films, and played one of the leads in the 1990s update of the Adam-12 television series. [124], In October 2019, USC student activists called for removing an exhibit dedicated to Wayne, citing the interview. In his final screen performance, he starred as an aging gunfighter battling cancer in The Shootist (1976). [21] According to Sam O'Steen's memoir, Cut to the Chase, studio directors knew to shoot Wayne's scenes before noon, because by afternoon, he "was a mean drunk". I changed all that. Access a growing selection of included Audible Originals, audiobooks and podcasts. Read all Eddies mental_floss stories. Waynes last movie was with ChristopherMitchum. [97][98], Throughout most of his life, Wayne was a vocally prominent conservative Republican in Hollywood, supporting anti-communist positions. but most people wouldn't be able to put a face or role to his name. (At left, John Wayne in his famous pose, rendered in wax at Madame Tussauds London. 1782) left County Antrim, Ireland, with his mother, arriving in New York in 1799 and eventually settling in Adams County, Ohio. Five years later, Wayne was declared cancer-free. [31], The Big Trail was to be the first big-budget outdoor spectacle of the sound era, made at a then-staggering cost over $2million (over $32.8million equivalent in 2021),[32] using hundreds of extras and wide vistas of the American Southwest, still largely unpopulated at the time. I'd like to know why well-educated idiots keep apologizing for lazy and complaining people who think the world owes them a living. It was Wayne's final cinematic role, whose main character, J. [171] While these two polls are really an indication only of the popularity of series stars, Wayne also appeared in the Top Ten Money Makers Poll of all films from 1949 to 1957 and 1958 to 1974, taking first place in 1950, 1951, 1954, and 1971. One of my favorite things to do was to go see a play. After rejection by all the major studios, Ford struck a deal with independent producer Walter Wanger in which Claire Trevora much bigger star at the timereceived top billing. 1 title per month from Audible's entire catalog of best sellers, and new releases. Just as John travels to visit his father, he witnesses his death and suffers a gun wound - a beautiful woman is kind enough to help him bring the killers to justice, but jealousy from another man may cause problems. Wayne toured U.S. bases and hospitals in the South Pacific for three months in 1943 and 1944,[43] with the USO. I grew up in a working-class neighborhood in Brooklyn, so I had a lot of friends who were actors. The show was intended by Garnett to be a pilot of sorts for a film version, though the motion picture never came to fruition. PAUL FIX: The Character Actor Who Taught John Wayne To Walk PAUL FIX had a career consisting of a combination of 527 motion picture and television appearances. [158][159], Wayne rose beyond the typical recognition for a famous actor to that of an enduring icon who symbolized and communicated American values and ideals. [55] John Ford's The Horse Soldiers had its world premiere in Shreveport, Louisiana on June 18. According to a Hollywood legend, the icon rests with it and wears it in his grave for the rest of his days. For six months in 1942, Wayne starred in his own radio adventure series, Three Sheets to the Wind, produced by film director Tay Garnett. [61] On October 4, The Longest Day started its theatrical run, with Wayne memorably acting with an ensemble cast. [102][103] Wayne was a supporter of Senator Joseph McCarthy. We got to play strong, tough characters. [36] One of the main innovations with which Wayne is credited in these early Poverty Row Westerns is allowing the good guys to fight as convincingly as the bad guys, by not always making them fight clean. (At left, John Wayne in his famous pose, rendered in wax at Madame Tussaud's London. [93][94][95] He requested that his tombstone read "Feo, Fuerte y Formal", a Spanish epitaph Wayne described as meaning "ugly, strong, and dignified". William J. Donovan, OSS commander, wrote Wayne a letter informing him of his acceptance into the Field Photographic Unit as a special forces commando, but the letter went to his estranged wife Josephine's home. Wayne played the role of an estranged father who must track down a gang who kidnapped his grandson. I started going to see plays. I believe in white supremacy until the blacks are educated to a point of responsibility. Probably the most colorfuland fascinatingtheory regarding the Duke's walk states that he based it on Michelangelo's statue of David. I don't feel we did wrong in taking this great country away from the Indians. Then, one day, a friend of mine, who was also a theater actor, told me that he wanted to audition for a part in one of the plays he was auditioning for. The heavy was allowed to hit the hero in the head with a chair or throw a kerosene lamp at him or kick him in the stomach, but the hero could only knock the villain down politely and then wait until he rose. [34] In Riders of Destiny (1933), he became one of the first singing cowboys of film, albeit via dubbing. Wayne, not Donlevy, played the role throughout the series' run on NBC.[49]. I don't think a fella should be able to sit on his backside and receive welfare. He played the lead, with his name over the title, in many low-budget Poverty Row Westerns, mostly at Monogram Pictures and serials for Mascot Pictures Corporation. [64] On November 13, another film starring Wayne premiered, Andrew V. McLaglen's McLintock!, once again opposite Maureen O'Hara. Some state that John Ford, Wayne's favorite director and close friend, taught him the "John Wayne walk.". Were his pants just too tight? As for his politics, wellI suppose even cavemen felt a little admiration for the dinosaurs that were trying to gobble them up. [60] May 29 marked the premiere of Howard Hawks's Hatari!, shot on location in Africa with Wayne playing the lead capturing wild animals from the beds of trucks; all the scenes with animals in the film are real. [100][101] He took part in creating the conservative Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals in February 1944 before being elected its president in 1949. But interestingly, two of Wayne's most famous leading ladies, Katharine Hepburn and Lauren Bacall, agree on one theory: John Wayne just had small feet! Eastwoods response to the criticism was to , I dont care what people think about me. [50] Broderick Crawford, who was eventually cast in the role, won the 1949 Oscar for best male actor, ironically beating out Wayne, who had been nominated for Sands of Iwo Jima (1949). Various public locations are named in honor of Wayne, including the John Wayne Airport in Orange County, California, where a 9-foot (2.7m) bronze equestrian statue of him stands at the entrance;[117] the John Wayne Marina[151] for which Wayne bequeathed the land, near Sequim, Washington; John Wayne Elementary School (P.S. (Important Facts), Why Do Autistic Kids Walk On Their Toes? The "John Wayne walk" didn't happen overnight; he developed it over the years. How Long To Hike The John Muir Trail? Several of Wayne's children entered the film and television industry. [125] In July 2020, it was announced that the exhibit would be removed.[126]. He's not one of those method actors, like they send out here from drama schools in New York. No episodes of the series featuring Wayne seem to have survived, though a demonstration episode with Brian Donlevy in the leading role does exist. [78] On September 16, Howard Hawks' Rio Lobo premiered. His daughter, Aissa Wayne (born March 31, 1956) was at his bedside. In The Quiet Man (1952), Wayne tells Michaeleen "ge" Flynn (portrayed by Barry Fitzgerald) that he is six feet "four and a half" (194cm), an assertion corroborated by Pilar's book John Wayne: My Life With the Duke. According to one biographer, "John Wayne personified for millions the nation's frontier heritage. I threw chairs and lamps. Well, Wayne once said that the women love it in reference to his famous gait. But he himself never elaborated. Film historian Andrew Sarris (1979)[150]. Thousands of good actors can carry a scene, but a star has to carry the scene and still, without intruding, allow some of his character into it."[148]. [163] At a party in 1957, Wayne confronted actor Kirk Douglas about the latter's decision to play the role of Vincent van Gogh in the film Lust for Life, saying: "Christ, Kirk, how can you play a part like that? [188][189] The ceremony was held on January 15, 1974, at the Harvard Square Theater and the award was officially presented in honor of Wayne's "outstanding machismo and penchant for punching people". He was the quintessential cowboy, the all-American American, the symbol for macho all over the world. Wayne was fond of literature, his favorite authors being Charles Dickens, Arthur Conan Doyle, and Agatha Christie. His personal views found expression as a proactive inside enforcer of the "Black List", denying employment and undermining careers of many actors and writers who had expressed their personal political beliefs earlier in life. As a teen, he worked in an ice-cream shop for a man who shod horses for Hollywood studios. [74] During the filming of The Green Berets, the Degar or Montagnard people of Vietnam's Central Highlands, fierce fighters against communism, bestowed on Wayne a brass bracelet that he wore in the film and all subsequent films. I wear a size 9.5 shoe and the Duke's boot prints were much smaller than my feet.) In a good picture, they react in a logical way to a situation they're in, so the audience can identify with the actors." He had a long, lanky body; in his early films of the 1930s, he looks very stiff and a bit awkward, as if he doesn't know quite what to do with his body. His portrayal of a heroic copilot won widespread acclaim. John Wayne loved the statue and based his walk, and his famous hand-on-hip stance, on the legendary statue. [111][112], In 1973 actor Marlon Brando refused an Oscar he had won, due to "the treatment of American Indians today by the film industry"; Brando did not attend the award ceremony but asked Native American civil rights activist Sacheen Littlefeather to attend and deliver a refusal speech in the event that he won. Wayne had Scottish, Scotch-Irish, English, and Irish ancestry. Wayne attended Wilson Middle School in Glendale. ", People's Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actor, Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, List of film director and actor collaborations, National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum, "Quigley's Annual List of Box-Office Champions, 19321970", "A Pictorial History of Glendale High School", "JOHN WAYNE The Duke Vallarta Tribune", "On John Wayne, Cancel Culture, and the Art of Problematic Artists", Letter, Louise Platt to Ned Scott Archive, July 7, 2002, "Press Kits: American Originals Traveling Exhibit", "John Wayne spends Christmas in Brisbane John Oxley Library", "Photo Gallery Category: Military Life", "The New Frontier: John Wayne's Forgotten Radio Show", "John Wayne 'of Fort Apache State' Was Selected in the Final Round of 1972 NFL Draft at 64-Years-Old".