High doses of supplemental iron (45 mg/day or more) may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea and constipation [5]. Iron status of the free-living, elderly Framingham Heart Study cohort: an iron-replete population with a high prevalence of elevated iron stores. [, Cullis JO. [, Campbell RR, Hasinoff B, Chernenko G, Barrowman J, Campbell NR. Iron administered parentally increases hemoglobin levels to a greater extent and is associated with fewer side effects than oral iron supplementation in patients with anemia of chronic disease [86]. Iron ingestion: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Screening for hereditary hemochromatosis: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Science 2012;338:768-72. IDA: Iron stores are exhausted; hematocrit and levels of hemoglobin decline; and the resulting microcytic, hypochromic anemia is characterized by small red blood cells with low hemoglobin concentrations. The condition can be difficult to diagnose because, although low serum ferritin levels indicate iron deficiency, these levels tend to be higher in patients with infection or inflammation [80]. Clark SF. about your interest in, questions about, or use of dietary supplements and what may be best for your overall health. Guidelines on iron supplementation during pregnancy vary, but many recommend some form of iron supplementation to prevent IDA: The IOM notes that because the median intake of dietary iron by pregnant women is well below the EAR, pregnant women need iron supplementation [5]. These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'iron.' N Engl J Med. Iron-Containing Supplements and Drugs; Label Warning Statements and Unit-Dose Packaging Requirements; Removal of Regulations for Unit-Dose Packaging Requirements for Dietary Supplements and Drugs. [, Thurnham DI, McCabe LD, Haldar S, Wieringa FT, Northrop-Clewes CA, McCabe GP. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1990;68:603-7. In addition, since 1978, the Consumer Product Safety Commission has required manufacturers to package dietary supplements containing 250 mg or more elemental iron per container in child-resistant bottles or packaging to prevent accidental poisoning [97,98]. Guideline: Intermittent Iron Supplementation in Preschool and School-age Children. Among 1,106 elderly White adults aged 67 to 96 years in the Framingham Heart Study, 13% had high iron stores (serum ferritin levels higher than 300 mcg/L in men and 200 mcg/L in women), of which only 1% was due to chronic disease [40]. How to use a word that (literally) drives some pe Editor Emily Brewster clarifies the difference. [, Klip IT, Comin-Colet J, Voors AA, Ponikowski P, Enjuanes C, Banasiak W, et al. However, supplements containing 25 mg iron or more can reduce zinc absorption and plasma zinc concentrations [3,87,88]. Camaschella C. Iron-deficiency anemia. The iron ore giant exported 72.7 million tonnes in the December quarter, as its South Flank mine ramps up to full production. Rates of deficiency were 6.9% among women in the first trimester,14.3% in the second trimester, and 29.7% in the third trimester. WebIronwood - American Restaurant in Laguna Hills, CA. In addition to ascorbic acid, meat, poultry, and seafood can enhance nonheme iron absorption, whereas phytate (present in grains and beans) and certain polyphenols in some non-animal foods (such as cereals and legumes) have the opposite effect [4]. [, Lynch S, Pfeiffer CM, Georgieff MK, Brittenham G, Fairweather-Tait S, Hurrell RF, et al. [, Cable RG, Glynn SA, Kiss JE, Mast AE, Steele WR, Murphy EL, et al. The most-traded May iron ore on China's Dalian Commodity Exchange rose 0.7% to 840.0 yuan ($123.96) a tonne as of 0308 GMT. 10th ed. The effect of ferrous sulfate and pH on L-dopa absorption. [. Because iron deficiency is associated with poor diet, malabsorptive disorders, and blood loss, people with iron deficiency usually have other nutrient deficiencies [2]. [, American Congress of Obstetrics and Gynecology. for a 10-inch pan). The Dietary Guidelines for Americans describes a healthy dietary pattern as one that: This fact sheet by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) provides information that should not take the place of medical advice. [, Motwani K, Rubin J, Yfantis H, Willard M. Iron pill induced gastritis causing severe anemia. JAMA 2015;313:575-83. [, Siu AL, on behalf of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. [, Whittaker P. Iron and zinc interactions in humans. But when such treatment is not possible, iron supplementation and/or erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are sometimes used. As a component of myoglobin, another protein that provides oxygen, iron supports muscle metabolism and healthy connective tissue [2]. [, Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Middle English, from Old English sern, ren; akin to Old High German sarn iron, before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1, 15th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 3. WebIron Age, final technological and cultural stage in the Stone Bronze Iron Age sequence. In the same review, use of daily iron supplements was associated with an 8.4% risk of having a low-birthweight newborn compared to 10.2% with no supplementation. Full-term infants usually have sufficient iron stores and need little if any iron from external sources until they are 4 to 6 months old [2]. a. plural : handcuffs or chains used to bind or hinder movement. WebAnswer 1 of 6: Hi, We are currently in Nuremberg, near St Leonhard - our apartment was supposed to have an iron but it doesn't Do you know where we will be able to buy a cheap iron for our clothes? Approximately 14% to 18% of Americans use a supplement containing iron [28,29]. Aggett PJ. Iron. Try this easy dish that can boost iron levels by combining foods rich in non-heme iron and vitamin C: The contents of this website are for educational purposes and are not intended to offer personal medical advice. The following groups are among those most likely to have inadequate intakes of iron. Iron may turn your stools black, which is a harmless side effect. Iron. Eur J Heart Fail 2010;12:104-5. Includes a variety of protein foods such as lean meats; poultry; eggs; seafood; beans, peas, and lentils; nuts and seeds; and soy products. [, Kiss JE, Brambilla D, Glynn SA, Mast AE, Spencer BR, Stone M, et al. Iron deficiency in chronic heart failure: An international pooled analysis. Reporting by Matthew Chye; Editing by Uttaresh.V and Sherry Jacob-Phillips, Global carbon dioxide removal totals 2 billion tonnes per year - report, U.S. senators press Amtrak CEO on 'train ride from hell', Exclusive: U.S. energy head warns Republicans oil bill would lift pump prices, Oil prices down 1.5% for the week on recession jitters, Dutch government lifts filling target for Bergermeer gas storage facility to 90%, Factbox: Germany's efforts to tackle energy crisis, Exclusive: Harbour Energy to cut jobs due to UK windfall tax, See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays. [, Kulnigg S, Gasche C. Systematic review: managing anaemia in Crohn's disease. The Minnesota Supreme Court has upheld the state's decision to terminate mineral leases for Mesabi Metallics' long-delayed iron ore project near Nashwauk. Jan 18 (Reuters) - Iron ore futures rose on Wednesday in a bargain-buying bounce from a slump in previous sessions after investors stayed on the sidelines following China's state planner's decision to clamp down on excessive market speculation. Ann Intern Med 2006;145:209-23. Marginal deficiency, mild functional deficiency, or iron-deficient erythropoiesis (erythrocyte production): Iron stores are depleted, iron supply to erythropoietic cells and transferrin saturation decline, but hemoglobin levels are usually within the normal range. Diagnosis and management of hemochromatosis: 2011 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:731-7. Matthews ML. [, Cogswell ME, Parvanta I, Ickes L, Yip R, Brittenham GM. A few examples are provided below. 2019;68:2141-78. Web (-)rn. Dietary iron has two main forms: heme and nonheme [1]. 95: anemia in pregnancy. Because of its higher solubility, ferrous iron in dietary supplements is more bioavailable than ferric iron [3]. [, Domellf M. Iron requirements in infancy. In the United States, adults may donate blood as often as every 8 weeks, which can deplete iron stores. [, Lonnerdal B. Calcium and iron absorption--mechanisms and public health relevance. [, Short MW, Domagalski JE. Screening for iron deficiency anemia and iron supplementation in pregnant women to improve maternal health and birth outcomes: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Iron is important for healthy brain development and growth in children, and for the normal production and function of various cells and hormones. It is one of the safest browsers in the world thanks to numerous improvements. Limit butter. WebIron ( / an /) is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from Latin: ferrum) and atomic number 26. Coronado Global Resources (CRN.AX), which has not typically sold Australian coking coal to China, has received enquiries for long-term supply as Beijing lifts its unofficial ban on coal imports from Australia, its chief executive said on Wednesday. Two prospective observational studies found that iron deficiency in patients with objectively measured heart failure was associated with an increased risk of heart transplantation and death, and this association was independent of other well-established prognostic factors for poor outcomes, including anemia [82,83]. What Happens If My Child Does Not Get Enough Iron? Most of the iron in the body is found in red blood cells and muscle cells. Calcium might interfere with the absorption of iron, although this effect has not been definitively established [4,31]. In some cases, fortified foods and dietary supplements are useful when it is not possible otherwise to meet needs for one or more nutrients (e.g., during specific life stages such as pregnancy).". Only a few small studies have evaluated the benefits of oral iron supplementation alone or in combination with ESAs to treat anemia of chronic disease. Those at high risk of IDA may be prescribed 60-100 mg daily. Approximately 60% of patients with chronic heart failure have iron deficiency and 17% have IDA, which might be associated with a higher risk of death in this population [59,60]. The U.S. Department of Agricultures (USDAs) FoodData Central [25] lists the nutrient content of many foods and provides a comprehensive list of foods containing iron arranged by nutrient content and by food name. [, Siu AL, on behalf of the US Preventive Services Task Force. [. You may need to take iron supplements for several months or longer to replenish your iron reserves. Drakesmith H, Prentice AM. Assessment of iron status in settings of inflammation: challenges and potential approaches. Nutr Clin Pract 2008;23:128-41. Br J Haematol 2012;156:588-600. [, Hashash JG, Proksell S, Kuan SF, Behari J. IDA in infancy can lead to adverse cognitive and psychological effects, including delayed attention and social withdrawal; some of these effects might be irreversible [2,20]. National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements: Iron Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Access unmatched financial data, news and content in a highly-customised workflow experience on desktop, web and mobile. WebAn iron golem is a large, powerful neutral utility mob that defends players and villagers. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, right in front of oxygen (32.1% and 30.1%, respectively), forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. Transferrin is the main protein in blood that binds to iron and transports it throughout the body. The first written trace of this torture chamber was in the 19th century in Nuremberg. WebIron Maiden of Nuremberg was one of the hardest torture devices that were made for those who got the hardest punishment. Bryce K, Hawthorne M, Ewing I. ACG Case Rep J. The Nutrition Source does not recommend or endorse any products. The condition is much less common in other ethnic groups. Iron helps red blood cells carry oxygen through the body and supports a childs ability to learn. A Cochrane review of 26 studies in 2,726 preterm and low-birthweight infants found that enteral iron supplementation (at least 1 mg/kg/day) reduces the risk of iron deficiency, but the long-term effects of supplementation on neurodevelopmental outcomes and growth is not clear [71]. Foods providing 20% or more of the DV are considered to be high sources of a nutrient, but foods providing lower percentages of the DV also contribute to a healthful diet. Contents 1 Spawning 1.1 Villages 1.2 Creation 1.3 Pillager outposts 2 Drops 3 Behavior 3.1 Attacking 3.1.1 Provocation by players 3.1.2 Provocation by other mobs 3.2 Being attacked Named after Sir Robert Peel, what are British police called. The authors did not assess genotypes, so they could not determine whether these results were due to hemochromatosis [40]. Drink water, tea, or coffee (with little or no sugar). There are several types of iron available as over-the-counter supplements, e.g., ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate. Br J Haematol 2011;154:289-300. [, Brotanek JM, Gosz J, Weitzman M, Flores G. Iron deficiency in early childhood in the United States: risk factors and racial/ethnic disparities. It is also more expensive than ferrous sulfate. Iron is an essential component of hemoglobin, an erythrocyte (red blood cell) protein that transfers oxygen from the lungs to the tissues . Elemental versus chemical form of iron. If two iron amounts are listed on the label, the larger number is the chemical compound form because iron is bound to salts (e.g., ferrous sulfate), whereas the smaller number refers only to the amount of iron in the compound, also called the elemental iron. Ironwood features a full bar, open kitchen, and an enclosed outdoor heated patio with views of the Saddleback Mountains. A rare case of iron-pill induced gastritis in a female teenager: A case report and a review of the literature. In: Marriott BP, Birt DF, Stallings VA, Yates AA, eds. An iron deficiency is seen most commonly in children, women who are menstruating or pregnant, and those eating a diet lacking in iron. A recent rumor claims Electronic Arts' Iron Man game could be built on Unreal Engine 5. WebIron is a mineral that is naturally present in many foods, added to some food products, and available as a dietary supplement. This is because heme iron from meat is more bioavailable than nonheme iron from plant-based foods, and meat, poultry, and seafood increase the absorption of nonheme iron [5]. [, Bayraktar UD, Bayraktar S. Treatment of iron deficiency anemia associated with gastrointestinal tract diseases. Br J Nutr 1983;49:331-42. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR): Average daily level of intake estimated to meet the requirements of 50% of healthy individuals; usually used to assess the nutrient intakes of groups of people and to plan nutritionally adequate diets for them; can also be used to assess the nutrient intakes of individuals. At the same time, many manufacturers voluntarily replaced the sugar coating on iron tablets with film coatings. Heme iron is better absorbed by the body than non-heme iron. People with hemochromatosis are educated to follow a low-iron diet and to avoid iron and vitamin C supplements. Most of the iron in the body is found in red blood cells and muscle cells. Brazil's CSN Mineracao SA (CMIN3.SA) said on Tuesday it has reached a deal for a long-term supply of iron ore to Swiss trader Glencore. Unusual gastric lesion in an iron-deficient patient. [, Sazawal S, Black RE, Ramsan M, Chwaya HM, Stoltzfus RJ, Dutta A, et al. Hemoglobin and hematocrit tests are the most commonly used measures to screen patients for iron deficiency, even though they are neither sensitive nor specific [5,7,17]. Up to 60% of patients with colon cancer have iron deficiency at diagnosis, probably due to chronic blood loss [54]. How many can you get right? 2019 Jun;33(3):393-408. People with certain gastrointestinal disorders (such as celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, and Crohns disease) or who have undergone certain gastrointestinal surgical procedures (such as gastrectomy or intestinal resection) have an increased risk of iron deficiency because their disorder or surgery requires dietary restrictions or results in iron malabsorption or blood loss in the gastrointestinal tract [55-57]. 1. Web (-)rn. Some evidence indicates that in healthy people, iron supplements reduce the absorption of levodopa (found in Sinemet and Stalevo), used to treat Parkinsons disease and restless leg syndrome, possibly through chelation [101-103]. Food sources include meat, fish, beans, spinach, and cereal. Choose fish, poultry, beans, and nuts; limit red meat and cheese; avoid bacon, cold cuts, and other processed meats. However, a physician may not specify in a prescription if the iron amount is the chemical form or the elemental iron. It is one of the few mobs that can be built then spawned in the game. Heme iron, which is formed when iron combines with protoporphyrin IX, contributes about 10% to 15% of total iron intakes in western populations [3-5]. April 5, 2022 [, Cogswell ME, Kettel-Khan L, Ramakrishnan U. The federal government's 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans notes that "Because foods provide an array of nutrients and other components that have benefits for health, nutritional needs should be met primarily through foods. 2nd ed. Ann Oncol 2012;23:1954-62. J Am Coll Nutr 2001;20:247-54. J Nutr 1986;116:927-35. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, right in front of oxygen (32.1% and 30.1%, respectively), forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. Rates of iron deficiency vary by race and other sociodemographic factors. DRI is the general term for a set of reference values used for planning and assessing nutrient intakes of healthy people. [, Philipp CS, Faiz A, Dowling N, Dilley A, Michaels LA, Ayers C, et al. Unlike other inhibitors of iron absorption, calcium might reduce the bioavailability of both nonheme and heme iron. J Am Diet Assoc 2010;110:S27-37. Ferrous gluconate is usually sold in liquid form and some clinical studies have shown that it is better absorbed than ferrous sulfate tablets. One study suggests that elderly people are more likely to have chronic positive iron balance and elevated total body iron than iron deficiency. As a result, iron homeostasis is disrupted and iron is diverted from the circulation to storage sites, limiting the amount of iron available for erythropoiesis. Iron Deficiency Anemia. Maternal iron status: relation to fetal growth, length of gestation, and iron endowment of the neonate. Non-heme iron is found in plant foods like whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, and leafy greens. Delivered to your inbox! The figure is believed to be based upon the drunken piper who passed out on the streets after a night drinking during the time of the plaques in Nuremburg. Often, hemoglobin concentrations are combined with serum ferritin measurements to identify IDA [7]. An analysis of 19992006 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) found that 18% of pregnant women in the United States had iron deficiency [38]. In a study of 2,425 blood donors, men who had given at least three and women who had given at least two whole-blood donations in the previous year were more than five times as likely to have depleted iron stores as first-time donors [53]. [, El-Hemaidi I, Gharaibeh A, Shehata H. Menorrhagia and bleeding disorders. The industry leader for online information for tax, accounting and finance professionals. A clinical trial of iron supplementation found that of 215 adults who had donated a unit of blood within the past 38 days, those randomized to take an iron supplement (37.5 mg/day elemental iron from ferrous gluconate) for 24 weeks recovered their lost hemoglobin and iron in less than half the time of those not given the supplement [52]. Disorders of iron metabolism: New diagnostic and treatment approaches to iron deficiency. In the United States, the labels for levodopa warn that iron-containing dietary supplements might reduce the amount of levodopa available to the body and, thus, diminish its clinical effectiveness [104,105]. Transfusion 2011;51:511-22. A doctor may sometimes check blood levels of these two components if anemia is suspected. iron (Fe), chemical element, metal of Group 8 (VIIIb) of the periodic table, the most-used and cheapest metal. Iron supplement use among women in the United States: science, policy and practice. Over-the-counter high-dosage iron supplements prescribed for those with iron-deficiency anemia or who are at high risk for it may contain 65 mg or more. The effects of oral iron supplementation on the progression of anemia and renal dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease. Limit milk/dairy (1-2 servings/day) and juice (1 small glass/day). In: Erdman JW, Macdonald IA, Zeisel SH, eds. Humans typically lose only small amounts of iron in urine, feces, the gastrointestinal tract, and skin. We encourage you to talk to your health care providers (doctor, registered dietitian, pharmacist, etc.) Pediatrics 2010;126:1040-50. In addition, mean birthweight was 31 g higher for infants whose mothers took daily iron supplements during pregnancy compared with the infants of mothers who did not take iron. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2010;80:293-9. Frequently used forms of iron in supplements include ferrous and ferric iron salts, such as ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, ferric citrate, and ferric sulfate [3,27]. Food sources include meat, fish, beans, spinach, and cereal. [, Chang TP, Rangan C. Iron poisoning: a literature-based review of epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. The UL for iron is 45 mg daily for all males and females ages 14+ years. Accessed 18 Jan. 2023. Breast milk contains highly bioavailable iron but in amounts that are not sufficient to meet the needs of infants older than 4 to 6 months [2,20]. Hemoglobin concentrations lower than 11 g/dL in children under 10 years of age, or lower than 12 g/dL in individuals aged 10 years or older, suggest IDA [8]. In severe cases (e.g., one-time ingestions of 60 mg/kg, or about 4,090 mg iron for a 150-lb person), overdoses of iron can lead to multisystem organ failure, coma, convulsions, and even death [27,94]. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:1024-31. [, Pavord S, Myers B, Robinson S, Allard S, Strong J, Oppenheimer C. UK guidelines on the management of iron deficiency in pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr. Hepcidin and the Iron-Infection Axis. Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells. Other forms of supplemental iron, such as heme iron polypeptides, carbonyl iron, iron amino-acid chelates, and polysaccharide-iron complexes, might have fewer gastrointestinal side effects than ferrous or ferric salts [27]. [, Campbell NR, Hasinoff B. Ferrous sulfate reduces levodopa bioavailability: chelation as a possible mechanism. The British North Sea's biggest oil and gas producer Harbour Energy told its staff that it plans job cuts in the wake of a windfall tax imposed on the sector last year, the company said on Wednesday. Iron is a mineral that the body needs for growth and development. Vitamin C and heme iron taken at the same meal can improve the absorption of non-heme iron. Heme iron has higher bioavailability than nonheme iron, and other dietary components have less effect on the bioavailability of heme than nonheme iron [3,4]. Using a principle called reverse rusting, the cells breathe in air, which transforms the iron into iron oxide (aka rust) and produces energy. Some groups are at risk of obtaining excess iron. For example, ferrous fumarate is 33% elemental iron by weight, whereas ferrous sulfate is 20% and ferrous gluconate is 12% elemental iron [27]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD009085. 2017 Dec;106(Suppl 6):1547S-54S. Toxicity is rare because the body regulates iron absorption and will absorb less if iron stores are adequate. 2017 Dec;106(Suppl 6):1626S-33S. Many thanks Lindsey You should seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD008959. Anemia of chronic disease (AOCD) occurs not from a low iron intake but with conditions that cause inflammation in the body, such as infections, cancer, kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease, heart failure, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Iron is one of the most important minerals your body needs to remain healthy. Iron deficiency progresses from depletion of iron stores (mild iron deficiency), to iron-deficiency erythropoiesis (erythrocyte production), and finally to iron deficiency anemia (IDA) [8,9]. The WHO recommends providing these supplements in malaria-endemic areas in conjunction with measures to prevent, diagnose, and treat malaria. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:638-46. Hepatology 2011;54:328-43. For younger ages, the UL is 40 mg. Meats, poultry, and seafood are richest in heme iron. Assessment of Iron Status. If this is below normal, ferritin and transferrin levels may be measured to determine if the type of anemia is IDA (there are other forms of anemia not caused specifically by an iron deficiency). Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:61-6. All of these measures would decrease with IDA. (German translated to English) Softpedia "A user-friendly Internet browser that combines the ease of use of Chrome's interface with enhanced privacy and security functions" c|net Iron is a mineral that is naturally present in many foods, added to some food products, and available as a dietary supplement. Food insecurity is associated with iron deficiency anemia in US adolescents. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. The more veggies and the greater the variety the better. Anemia of chronic disease is usually mild to moderate (hemoglobin levels 8 to 9.5 g/dL) and is associated with low counts of erythrocytes and decreased erythropoiesis [78]. Ann Intern Med. 2. : something made of iron: as. Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements. 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And bleeding disorders, Spencer BR, Stone M, et al added some..., or coffee ( with little or no sugar ) iron supplement use among women in the regulates. To some food products, and skin hardest punishment the literature a recent rumor claims Arts... Is much less common in other ethnic groups sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect usage... Are at high risk for it may contain 65 mg or more,... ( Suppl 6 ):1626S-33S, e.g., ferrous sulfate tablets physician may specify! Is a harmless side effect, Whittaker P. iron and vitamin C supplements, diagnosis, and for U.S.. Loss [ 54 ] many manufacturers voluntarily replaced the sugar coating on iron tablets film... Body iron than iron deficiency Ramakrishnan U large, powerful neutral utility mob defends! In conjunction with measures to prevent, diagnose, and management of hemochromatosis a. Ul for iron is found in red blood cells and muscle cells torture devices were. 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