238.56 442.56 m 238.965 442.56 l 238.965 456.51 l 238.56 456.51 l f endobj 219.84 414.24 m 220.245 414.24 l 220.245 428.19 l 219.84 428.19 l f 15.189 22.404 Td (T) Tj d. No, because propositions aren't contained in sentences at all. /CapHeight 0 WT[E<>Ao%4ghd:s8)g'44Y\Re&%8p[VCY;;$NN*Sph?V`1of>Ifc?/e:OjTri8`V==C-0#8s3L;V8(jWjMB!qC""X@^#mP48]O_oU5[&6&LRJp&Tt+:;gIrj1G0.qLnra#9]qk,3IG*d'@:5qCk10>74i52ogKZ+VnL*feD(ApuUJgb 1.043 0 Td (\\if) Tj Match the expression on the left with the number of truth table rows for which the expression has a T in the final column. ;gMXe1S5[pKU%?a^F6d-cF&sG[tZ Q q /F1 1 Tf 23.955 33.770 Td (T) Tj ZMYc$g#0a+EJ8Q]]98RKs^XIAf5O1E`pJrm(jW+),YejHZbo2*d7Yso@u-g=\o6. BT /Name /F6 *g@AdBQNF6SH*tpbFp2$%NNeD$`Q9agmAC/e4 11.96 0 0 11.96 0 0 Tm 11.96 0 0 11.96 0 0 Tm o%q$84hc@rGmlDJ((I2)ZRcEcPT6$8, LS0 /BaseFont /CMBX12 ET 11.96 0 0 11.96 0 0 Tm Q q BT j%)Kdp^tjGWs2=o/(`a`8(]]sKMBd'nLT/ETM.mOA3m4+H110O/n>@nm:oRZE8>bke`]8WuU=?e0L+ rWd80hAHX&SRZb%5H*Ch'1Ca*p(DH$=O^@8bd0.Q"l`T-4?F4gcRLqNDSsT_bhEbTuBQJ&iF3:+MhK(@mQE(#j0ML[Iur[(J4rM]4+iCA(0D 29.764 37.368 Td (T) Tj R*,"aH63VQg%B\-DScl2t+"IQ#L8j26?k"ICL 0.862 0 Td (op) Tj endobj The assertion that P is logically equivalent to Q will be expressed symbolically as P Q. .3OYY9W$XkkG:4oQ^>,38a9,4JL,LC]T)nnF"PHKDq AoD\sA9Di60fCa/01TGfD.+Q+F`[t$F`8HX2DQC.6tL1V@3BN3F:)Q$E$-kn1E\>MBOu9o+E2IF$=n BT )@\W+q)%;#;kE6aYoFM@2&VOKcj-d9HT-5QG'=jK8C #@>MD6`XeX_(rg&Asi'BI43\"S? endobj ?h`(,9Y(!j@"^shX;p.eGgfeX_&;Jj7"n1Fj@TKMZDjS)_Z;"I*Ao$;af"<6-jbr_1 Q q :AaCo-[I:3^!A. ASu7\MF`S[EF`[t$F`8H[1a"G]Df' >]]mpMaNe-8D_o2&Vk^YQ60#lfc#2I8&b?OeW`\kU>XJDrUI,.W+7ndaooNWH. /FontDescriptor 32 0 R IJMs;=b70MVc&?;B.?PFPQ=o[?Xne:-?&8O.rdA/eK\Y4>. >> 28.446 20.005 Td (T) Tj 22.764 43.453 Td (p) Tj BT 11.96 0 0 11.96 0 0 Tm 35.743 31.468 Td (alen) Tj O0670+;rE'c!1G%nD"?->%n5nsE8QI=8^Oj@,6AC>X=ML%8Q$?coPF_+/cl1lddnn['%t.i)ZoPVD3Ee8WtEmj) 2.464 0 Td (is) Tj ;Pm[f+K_)a1'$:FQi:*L(oLP%c1#u#rh$%DYDJ`C10(kY:;NYpQdbphN7X>jH4RM,Fj-3og4d_6[>W ;Tog;R'O7-M-^;n,XVG4,GUA^thD]]Cj`u?07@^(UeO 412.32 399.84 m 412.725 399.84 l 412.725 413.79 l 412.32 413.79 l f /Type /Page 2MnP-U4&$G/lYd]1<69D&Hn@TM]aBRZ;8I!`/n=^.h46X;L`U*>7/Wks5mKCWo8:Z:KPZC>CYnm /F4 1 Tf ,p? /F3 1 Tf Q q Neither x is an even number nor x is divisible by 3. x is not an even number and x is divisible by 3. IsNXq,r"kZW'\%V73:66+=WM-/CA4+.*UFp**!ce1%ddZADV([o@fgoo%9h;V=\8[c)&L=)VNKg)8K==UO! 1.740 0 Td (from) Tj 22.523 23.604 Td (T) Tj /Descent -225 .5B@>R,LCp#VdA;]= /F5 1 Tf /LastChar 255 RV*>!tL#O)CF4*@[`X_;UbGe_9Zd.mRhJ>*&jQZ-$^U*H@EA/8ubL9nU,X1&O,bP^7PP`OdnY+LXQOJ5mGNOA`P_.eqhipqhW("@'X`8 The dual of a compound proposition that contains only the logical operators , , and is the compound proposition obtained by replacing each by , each by , each T by F, and each F by T. The dual of s is denoted by s. a truth value of a compound proposition is determined by (i.e., is a function of) the truth values of its components and by the logical operators. Q q mt+BS$j`;2)iX`PW!b6Ua"fjG:)c8[(^+=4)8r!52ePpZ5l8V2A1&?YDfqiO;f%Yi/uZjliBtF(9$] 19.093 50.870 Td (T) Tj The negation of P: _____. LoU,_NUR9E2"D(:?60^&39iU]\'L^XfBC'>='L.3J56j)GOMUlYOI"]g#_l%96Q@q7-dmAY"D)^jW^ << ),Z0V 2X;%m?9OPj9B5-1\0nGEdD`IkZTk5D4at'X*i(V&NJ&M,>. /Widths [ 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 285 343 285 343 514 514 514 514 514 514 514 514 514 514 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 771 728 742 785 699 671 806 771 371 343 343 642 942 771 799 699 799 756 571 742 771 343 1056 343 771 628 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 642 856 799 714 343 771 742 799 742 799 343 343 343 600 571 571 856 856 343 314 514 514 514 514 343 343 457 514 742 799 343 343 1042 799 285 514 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 ] )$3lh9&g?A.SE2Ni8E%8]U2>riU(fCsf\8TJ7<1gEPL6le Converting English Sentences To Propositional Logic, Propositional Logic | Propositions Examples. NWcK\!Jt'(qT;NN=9SQp[T;Dl\>Fblh4Kk-ng0FsT]#d2tSMr>2tmlNQf#U=;10A*$FE7Qb0B)!UI^5c%gME9^Jb=mZQ O3knRU-6YI5Cj%\lQu`O(c@L/T1W$HcA4oe+q=!`>'NH>>kMnYUQ>1=#4r):. 1.685 0 Td (follo) Tj '/)l#j>`4?iH1%k:5-Z*N',(SEMCcKeT+=518RE /Subtype /Type1 JjH,t:W]g8rC41Btd"k"Lk9?K]i\Z9M?P"`mDL't4m 21.358 45.355 Td (1.1.) ]2o2#q5M[8Jq-]&s58M))"V(l?2fe::i@S;]RuQZKiiISCUeTkCeb(lE(g^ma.ZNoT@Qf;9`p_b-4@ McqMate.com is an educational platform, Which is developed BY STUDENTS, FOR STUDENTS, The only Q q 17.396 38.568 Td (p) Tj `rDW@QIqbidBMQ[V8Y%SY[6q#26bg^H%Vi5^n&9m[hN!`)*:):q1Ae5FS"YCG)bN0cC1;#""Bp-gSP iB8!uDEb]Y4ONN9?RdfE3EJZgR=McZ"-oJ>GAd3c$ka/KYNV0PLVeqnTSI0uR)_1LPUU^9g)J^317; { "1.1.01:_Propositions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.1.02:_Logical_operators" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.1.03:_Precedence_rules" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.1.04:_Logical_equivalence" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.1.05:_More_logical_operaters" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.1.06:_Implications_in_English" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.1.07:_More_forms_of_implication" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.1.08:_Exclusive_or" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.1.09:_Universal_operators" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.1.10:_Classifying_propositions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "1.01:_Propositional_Logic" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.02:_Boolean_Algebra" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.03:_Logic_Circuits" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.04:_Predicate_Logic" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.05:_Deduction" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.06:_Logic" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, https://eng.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Feng.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FComputer_Science%2FProgramming_and_Computation_Fundamentals%2FBook%253A_Delftse_Foundations_of_Computation%2F01%253A_Logic%2F1.01%253A_Propositional_Logic%2F1.1.10%253A_Classifying_propositions, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), status page at https://status.libretexts.org. stream So if k stands for Im the King of the Netherlands, then k Q is true for any compound proposition Q. Q q BT /F4 1 Tf "Polygamy is bad." This is a "moral" statement that is neither true nor false until its context or standard is specified. 2.229 0 Td (he) Tj BT /Type /Encoding >> 39 0 obj a5Z?".T6FWu2XXhf#NLjNHA[`YBEJ=E\QL+4(/IZj^"NWQ@0[4a6. 4.703 0 Td (their) Tj << BT 1.095 0 Td (a) Tj /F1 1 Tf 318.72 609.6 m 324.597 609.6 l 324.597 610.086 l 318.72 610.086 l f &G=lJ, h?3X## 3.687 0 Td (:) Tj Since \(2 \ne 3\), it does not matter if \(5 = 2\) is true or not, the conditional statement as a whole is true. Q q "qVJh6c3aSbrA-=W-/RTjpE+A(4a]=,%V!MU"=MHWrOR:i75G%K/>JnVt=+HH! *tgsHY6bB!WPLLI/0o3)Q5s./r$ae)UL*@jV?NkHt^[P6]N_8M0 %E9`4H'DogM._84r^BL4NQtlFW(O/'OaT*sBtu.>YOWi0'qdYj'l(j)LuAFhO+rQ"7^mJl=a0tS+9K ET Q q Q q tUQf=M=ICNQ4#Zf]AiDf2=@n[a8I/Q^'#t+;Dk*K?Ash7W@>lQ$'!E1qp]=J*)$aoP%b0>,@O9tA[#2AKP:*=*jfGq7PFRbOV! 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Z7C^9WDt4NKP_6*.J/tKCiESUY[mIer$epAo1-"=15Qa(/KX&iAskZ=aE-@Qi2bSMT%1uKV1 Show that each of the propositions p, p q,p q, p q, p q, and p q can be rewritten as a logically equivalent proposition that uses as its only operator. /BaseEncoding /MacRomanEncoding Q q /FirstChar 0 Q q Tj BT N!IHNfu4bho4ANe54,PNTa1?=uKOJ[u96:/hiBEO(!.%j\tA! ,Y:DM7_HmPLW(@;2-l$N>NT1CXJJ88,Ue8NMkd?l5GP Q q )&Xa7,8CRi`ASh&W'GL*P"`Q0Io;? /FontBBox [ -39 -250 1036 750 ] This has some significance in logic because if two propositions have the same truth table they are in a logical sense equal to each other and we say that they are logically equivalent. Q q endobj Q q '2_9aDQAHJf3W#6sIW'r$Xm!,"e)HE4!Ti^NM,s!Q&s6ui-H_`>j4/)@lu!h+?/FoZ5iGrrXcUlZ"*psF&diHVYG`\SX'G7Xj 2.339 0 Td (sen) Tj 204.96 647.04 m 205.365 647.04 l 205.365 660.99 l 204.96 660.99 l f ,OB$=SJXDs4#qS!PZ?3jk""?$mUpd:?&PKFsW1n]glE3R4_PF1#1,,/X3ltECH2q^9E;)139fuI0-L 11.96 0 0 11.96 0 0 Tm !X1/=5(knM6kX#G#FL`eq5SZNK &.i%Z,1TMA8lZsSkLJ9N;fC>RQBZIj7TjD@'p:coSAEc#u0A)1UR_.\$d 3.127 0 Td (this) Tj HcgL^LhRJDnTLG4+FdWM^GZt5EWm$71TY@H``\>r/h2t#O=+;7#D,n%":,P 11.96 0 0 11.96 0 0 Tm BT endobj Q q #_-VP`L7#&4>&_Kb[H? Fbj/GY2Gm2cQTUe0GVHHc0-%0peL5tIV:U5/2$,T*cpRIYH+9t04R 2.531 0 Td (p) Tj U4BT@jtQ/**,iYR*1aE\UcNjGlK=]XC+.=>Po][mX60fC']@fr,0,`b],*Q.c5:kn&LpL-u9K(#=]" /Dests 5 0 R $+)BlldJEE=t>rq-"j$J&/Yo9rPj%/(=afJorIYKpX!7l(LC,-3YFo^8A3eP$7i#_VY4h47_4^fh<7SK5Vin.sUEphEZ,%G/PU
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