In his Memoirs, Sherman commented on the political pressures of 18641865 to encourage the escape of slaves, in part to avoid the possibility that "able-bodied slaves will be called into the military service of the rebels". [256] Sherman stepped down as commanding general on November 1, 1883,[257] and retired from the army on February 8, 1884. [177] Some abolitionists accused Sherman of doing too little to alleviate the precarious living conditions of these refugees, motivating Secretary of War Stanton to travel to Georgia in January 1865 to investigate the situation. William Tecumseh Sherman was one of the most famous military leaders of the Civil War, perhaps third after General Ulysses Grant and General Robert E. Lee. [265], "General Sherman" and "William Sherman" redirect here. [268][269], Sherman's body was then transported to St. Louis, where another service was conducted at a local Catholic church on February 21, 1891. Sherman's March to the Sea (also known as the Savannah campaign or simply Sherman's March) was a military campaign of the American Civil War conducted through Georgia from November 15 until December 21, 1864, by William Tecumseh Sherman, major general of the Union Army.The campaign began with Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta on November 15 and ended with the capture of the . Sherman appointed Brig. In early November, Sherman asked to be relieved of his command. William Tecumseh Sherman (1854-1863) 2. When he attempted to attack the main spine at Tunnel Hill, his troops were repeatedly repelled by Patrick Cleburne's heavy division, the best unit in Bragg's army. [220], In this general connection, it is also noteworthy that Sherman and his subordinates (particularly John A. Logan) took steps to protect Raleigh, North Carolina, from acts of revenge after the assassination of President Lincoln.[221][222]. [110] When Vicksburg fell on July 4, 1863, after a prolonged siege, the Union achieved a major strategic victory, putting navigation along the Mississippi River entirely under Union control and effectively cutting off the western half of the Confederacy from the eastern half. [188][191], Sherman's military legacy rests primarily on his command of logistics and on his brilliance as a strategist. "[260] Such a categorical rejection of a candidacy is now referred to as a "Shermanesque statement". On the other hand, he was adamantly opposed to the secession of the southern states. However, Sherman impressed Lincoln during the President's visit to the troops on July 23, and Lincoln promoted Sherman to brigadier general of volunteers effective May 17, 1861. The Life of William Tecumseh. In 1864, Sherman succeeded Grant as the Union commander in the Western Theater. [195] Liddell Hart also declared that the study of Sherman's campaigns had contributed significantly to his own "theory of strategy and tactics in mechanized warfare", and claimed that this had in turn influenced Heinz Guderian's doctrine of Blitzkrieg and Rommel's use of tanks during the Second World War. [152] Thereafter, his troops did relatively little damage to the civilian infrastructure. This made Sherman senior in rank to Ulysses S. Grant, his future commander. You mistake, too, the people of the North. He tells us what he thought and what he felt, and he never strikes any attitudes or pretends to feel anything he does not feel. Background The sixth of the eleven children of Charles Robert and Mary Hoyt Sherman, upon the death of his father in 1829 he went to live with the Thomas Ewings, a prominent Ohio family. Ewing was a prominent member of the Whig Party who became U.S. senator for Ohio and the first Secretary of the Interior. According to Sherman's biographer Robert O'Connell, "Shiloh marked the turning point of his life. [230] In 1871, Sherman ordered that the leaders of the Warren Wagon Train Raid, an attack by a Kiowa and Comanche war party from which Sherman himself had narrowly escaped, be tried for murder in Jacksboro, Texas. [15] However, Lloyd Lewis's 1932 biography claimed that Sherman was originally named only "Tecumseh" and that he acquired the name "William" at the age of nine or ten, when he was baptized as a Catholic at the behest of his foster family. I am not and cannot be. He interrupted his military career in 1853 to pursue private business ventures, without much success. [79] Sherman was then assigned to serve under Robert Anderson in the Department of the Cumberland, in Louisville, Kentucky. [223][h], In June 1865, two months after Lee's surrender at Appomattox, Sherman received his first postwar command, originally called the Military Division of the Mississippi, later the Military Division of the Missouri, which came to comprise the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. He was Promoted to general (lieutenant general), 4 Mar 1869. [247][i] Grant, who was president when Sherman's memoirs appeared, later remarked that others had told him that Sherman treated Grant unfairly but "when I finished the book, I found I approved every word; that it was a true book, an honorable book, creditable to Sherman, just to his companionsto myself particularly sojust such a book as I expected Sherman would write."[250]. [9] He recovered by forging a close partnership with General Ulysses S. Grant. [259], Proposed as a Republican candidate for the presidential election of 1884, Sherman declined as emphatically as possible, saying, "I will not accept if nominated and will not serve if elected. William Tecumseh Sherman: Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman . , CT, and, after his death in 1815, his widow and family migrated to OH. Sheridan used hard-war tactics similar to those he and Sherman had employed in the Civil War. In one amusing change to his text, Sherman dropped the assertion that, A "third edition, revised and corrected" of Sherman's memoirs was put out in 1890 by, According to Victor Davis Hanson, "In the eyes of Lewis and Liddell Hart, Sherman was a great man, who is judged on what he did and not on what he wrote: he saved lives and shortened the war; and he used military science to teach his nation what war is ultimately for. He was the son of lawyer Charles R. Sherman and Mary Hoyt both originally of Norwalk, CT. . Genealogy for William Tecumseh Sherman (c.1866 - 1867) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. [146], While in Savannah, Sherman learned from a newspaper that his infant son Charles Celestine had died during the Savannah campaign; the general had never seen the child. [175] According to Sherman, My aim then was to whip the rebels, to humble their pride, to follow them to their inmost recesses, and make them fear and dread us. Sherman served in the army in St. Louis and then in New Orleans from 1850-1852, often lonely for his departed wife and first born daughter. [194], Liddell Hart credited Sherman with mastery of maneuver warfare, also known as the "indirect approach". It also dealt a major blow to the popularity of the Democratic presidential candidate, George B. McClellan, whose victory in the election had until then appeared likely to many, including Lincoln himself. Sherman had, up to that point, achieved mixed success as a general, and controversy attached especially to his performance at Chattanooga. [270] Former U.S. president and Civil War veteran Rutherford B. Hayes, who attended both ceremonies, said at the time that Sherman had been "the most interesting and original character in the world. [67] While trying to hold himself aloof from politics, he observed first-hand the efforts of Congressman Frank Blair, who later served under Sherman in the U.S. Army, to keep Missouri in the Union. [7] Liddell Hart's views on the historical significance of Sherman have since been discussed and, to varying extents, defended by subsequent military scholars such as Jay Luvaas,[192] Victor Davis Hanson,[193] and Brian Holden-Reid. Born in Ohio into a politically prominent family, Sherman graduated in 1840 from the United States Military Academy at West Point. When William Tecumseh Sherman Jr. was born on 8 June 1854, in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, his father, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, was 34 and his mother, Eleanor Boyle Ewing, was 29. [100], In December, Sherman's forces suffered a severe repulse at the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, just north of Vicksburg. "[64], Sherman departed Louisiana and traveled to Washington, D.C., possibly in the hope of securing a position in the U.S. Army. ", Sherman to Grant, February 15, 1862, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant 4:216n, Sherman to Grant, December 28, 1866, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant 16:422. [99] According to historian John D. Winters's The Civil War in Louisiana (1963), at this stage Sherman, had yet to display any marked talents for leadership. When William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 17 May 1880, in Page, Iowa, United States, his father, Franklin Sherman, was 32 and his mother, Mary Elizabeth Van Sant, was 21. Senator Ewing secured an appointment for the 16-year-old Sherman as a cadet in the United States Military Academy at West Point. [155], In late March, Sherman briefly left his forces and traveled to City Point, Virginia, to confer with Grant. He was stationed in Kentucky, where his pessimism about the outlook of the war led to a breakdown that required him to be briefly put on leave. He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861-65), for whi "[293] Following Walters, James Reston Jr. argued in 1984 that Sherman had planted the "seed for the Agent Orange and Agent Blue programs of food deprivation in Vietnam". [29] During that voyage, Sherman grew close to Ord and especially to the intellectually distinguished Halleck. [37][38], At John Augustus Sutter Jr.s request, Sherman assisted Capt. [266] President Benjamin Harrison, who served under Sherman, sent a telegram to Sherman's family and ordered all national flags to be flown at half staff. [229] He was successful in negotiating other treaties, such as the removal of Navajos from the Bosque Redondo to traditional lands in Western New Mexico. [34] In June 1848, Sherman accompanied the military governor of California, Col. Richard Barnes Mason, to inspect the gold mines at Sutter's Fort. Sherman's success in Georgia received ample coverage in the Northern press at a time when Grant seemed to be making little progress in his fight against Confederate general Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. When Grant became president of the United States in March 1869, Sherman succeeded him as Commanding General of the Army. There, Sherman had replaced his army comrade, the co-founder Henry Smith Turner when family matters forced the latter to return to St. Louis. [291] This led to the publication of several works, notably John B. Walters's Merchant of Terror: General Sherman and Total War (1973),[292] that presented Sherman as responsible for "a mode of warfare which transgressed all ethical rules and showed an utter disregard for human rights and dignity. William Tecumseh Sherman 1870-1939 - Ancestry. [212] This made repairs extremely difficult at a time when the Confederacy lacked both iron and heavy machinery.[213]. According to Liddell Hart, this strategy was most clearly illustrated by Sherman's series of turning movements against Johnston during the Atlanta campaign. William Tecumseh Sherman was a Union general during the Civil War, playing a crucial role in the victory over the Confederate States and becoming one of the most famous military leaders in U.S . [140] At the end of this campaign, known as Sherman's March to the Sea, his troops took Savannah on December 21, 1864. [141] Upon reaching Savannah, Sherman appointed Private A. O. Granger as his personal secretary. Senator John Sherman (his younger brother and a political ally of President Lincoln) and other connections in Washington helped him to obtain a commission. The orders provided for the settlement of 40,000 freed slaves and black refugees on land expropriated from white landowners in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. The first edition was published in 1875 by Henry S. King & Co., of London, and by Appleton in New York. William Tecumseh Sherman Print Family Tree General Born 8 February 1820 - Lancaster, Fairfield Co., OH Deceased 14 February 1891 - New York, NY,aged 71 years old Buried - Calvary Cem., St. Louis, MO 1 file available Parents Charles Robert Sherman, Judge 1788-1829 Mary Hoyt 1787-1852 Spouses [135] In response, Hood moved north into Tennessee. (Microfilm Edition) University of Notre Dame Descriptive information at http://archives.nd.edu/findaids/ead/html/shr.htm William Tecumseh Sherman (1820 -1891) was one of the most prominent of the Union's Civil War generals and for many years thereafter Commanding General of the Army. [31][32], Sherman and Ord disembarked in Monterey, California on January 28, 1847, two days before the town of Yerba Buena acquired the new name of "San Francisco". [239], When Grant became president in 1869, Sherman was appointed Commanding General of the United States Army and promoted to the rank of full general. William Tecumseh Sherman. According to British military historian Brian Holden-Reid, "if Sherman had committed tactical errors during the attack, he more than compensated for these during the subsequent retreat". [45][46] He resigned his commission in 1853 and entered civilian life as manager of the San Francisco branch of the Bank of Lucas, Turner & Co., whose corporate headquarters were in St. Louis. He married Mary Elizabeth Berry on 15 October 1899, in Greenwood, Kansas, United States. William H. Warner in surveying the new city of Sacramento, laying its street grid in 1848. On April 20, Sherman dispatched a memorandum with those terms to the government in Washington. We live through his campaigns in the company of Sherman himself. [104][105] Arkansas Post was taken by the Union army and navy on January 11, 1863. Sherman to Grant, May 28, 1867, quoted in Fellman, Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy, campaign to capture the city of Vicksburg, Commanding General of the United States Army, General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument, "An Unspoken Address to the Loyal Legion", List of American Civil War generals (Union), The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, "Madness, Genius, & Sherman's Ruthless March", "Survey Report: Raised Streets & Hollow Sidewalks, Sacramento, California", "Family Trees of the Interconnected Sherman and Ewing Families", "Department of Military Science: Unit History", "15th Regiment Cavalry Pennsylvania Volunteers: The Fifteenth at General Joe Johnston's Surrender", "Minutes of an interview between the colored ministers and church officers at Savannah with the Secretary of War and Major-Gen. Sherman", "Order by the Commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi: Special Field Orders, No. General William Tecumseh "Cump" Sherman Born 8 Feb 1820 in Lancaster, Fairfield, Ohio, USA Ancestors Son of Charles Robert Sherman and Mary (Hoyt) Sherman [47] He suffered from asthma attacks, which he attributed in part to stress caused by the city's aggressive business culture. If your people will but stop and think, they must see in the end that you will surely fail. "Lick 'em tomorrow, though. [19][20] As an adult, Sherman signed all his correspondence including to his wife "W. T. As with all family trees on this website, the sources for each ancestor are listed on the family group pages so that you can personally judge the reliability of the information. [95][96] In July, Grant's situation improved when Halleck left for the East to become general-in-chief. [121], The Meridian campaign marked the end of Sherman's brief tenure as commander of the Army of the Tennessee. [136][137] Sherman left forces under Maj. Gens. Sherman". [148][149] His army proceeded north through South Carolina against light resistance from the troops of Confederate general Johnston. [85] His problems were compounded when the Cincinnati Commercial described him as "insane". [228] He testified in the trial on April 11 and 13, 1868. In his memoirs he noted that "it was a great pity to remove the Seminoles at all," as Florida "was the Indian's paradise" and still had (at the time that Sherman wrote his memoirs in the 1870s) "a population less than should make a good State. [228], When the Medicine Lodge Treaty failed in 1868, Sherman authorized his subordinate in Missouri, Major General Philip Sheridan, to lead the winter campaign of 186869, of which the Battle of Washita River was part. [124] As Grant took overall command of the armies of the United States, Sherman wrote to him outlining his strategy to bring the war to an end: "If you can whip Lee and I can march to the Atlantic I think ol' Uncle Abe [Lincoln] will give us twenty days leave to see the young folks. [166][167][168] Before the war, Sherman expressed some sympathy with the view of Southern whites that the black race was benefiting from slavery, although he opposed breaking up slave families and advocated that laws forbidding the education of slaves be repealed. In Louisiana, he became a close friend of professor David French Boyd, a native of Virginia and an enthusiastic secessionist. Oftentimes the family trees listed as still in progress have derived from research into famous people who have a kinship to this person. Sherman also earned money from surveying and by the sale of lots in Sacramento and Benicia. North Carolina, unlike its southern neighbor, was regarded by the Union troops as a reluctant Confederate state,[153] having been second from last to secede from the Union, ahead only of Tennessee. [253] On April 11, 1880, he addressed a crowd of more than 10,000 in Columbus, Ohio: "There is many a boy here today who looks on war as all glory, but, boys, it is all hell. American historian Wesley Moody has argued that these commentators tended to filter Sherman's actions and his hard-war strategy through their own ideas about modern warfare, thereby contributing to the exaggeration of his "atrocities" and unintentionally feeding into the negative assessment of Sherman's moral character associated with the "Lost Cause" school of Southern historiography. The Confederate victory at Kennesaw Mountain did little to halt Sherman's advance towards Atlanta. Copies of Letters of William Tecumseh Sherman in 1859-61 and Other Communications, etc. As long as resistance is made[,] death must be meted out, but the moment all resistance ceases, the firing will stop and all survivors turned over to the proper Indian agent". McPherson. Johnston replied: "If I were in [Sherman's] place, and he were standing in mine, he would not put on his hat." One of his younger brothers, John Sherman, was one of the founders of the Republican Party and served as a U.S. congressman, senator, and cabinet secretary. Instead of complying, he resigned his position as superintendent, declaring to the governor of Louisiana that "on no earthly account will I do any act or think any thought hostile to or in defiance of the old Government of the United States. [12] He left his widow, Mary Hoyt Sherman, with eleven children and no inheritance. [173] Sherman's views on race evolved significantly over time. [10], Sherman was born in 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, near the banks of the Hocking River. The resulting trial of Satanta and Big Tree marked the first occasion in which Native American chiefs were tried by a civilian court in the United States. [162] This precipitated a deep and long-lasting enmity between Sherman and Stanton, and it intensified Sherman's disdain for politicians. [126] He conducted a series of flanking maneuvers through rugged terrain against Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston's Army of Tennessee, attempting a direct assault only at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain. [274], Sherman wrote to his wife in 1842: "I believe in good works rather than faith. William was born in 1865. [295], The influential literary critic Edmund Wilson found in Sherman's Memoirs a fascinating and disturbing account of an "appetite for warfare" that "grows as it feeds on the South". [226], There was little large-scale military action against the Indians during the first three years of Sherman's tenure as divisional commander, as Sherman allowed negotiations between the U.S. government and Indian leaders to proceed, while he built up his troops and awaited completion of the Union Pacific and Kansas Pacific Railroads. Sherman commanded the division on the extreme right of the Union's right wing (under George Henry Thomas). [164] Sherman proceeded with some of his troops to Washington, where they marched in the Grand Review of the Armies on May 24, 1865. Sherman would eventually become one of the few high-ranking officers of the U.S. Civil War who had not fought in Mexico. Here's how General Sherman got its name(s)", "The Religion of William Tecumseh Sherman", The Destructive War: William Tecumseh Sherman, Stonewall Jackson, and the Americans, Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War, Works by or about William Tecumseh Sherman, Military orders of General William T. Sherman, 1861'65, William T. Sherman Family Papers: 18081959, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tecumseh_Sherman&oldid=1133383802, William Tecumseh Jr. ("Willie") (18541863), This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 14:25. William Tecumseh Sherman was born on February 8, 1820, in Lancaster, Ohio. When Grant was promoted and took over the armies in the east, Sherman was put in charge of those in the west. When the bank failed during the Panic of 1857, he closed the New York branch. Was taken by the sale of lots in Sacramento and Benicia I believe in good rather... 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